Physical Therapy Korea

Table 2

Mean difference about %MVIC across the three different ankle positions during squats

Target muscle (µV)	Ankle position (%MVIC)

	Plantarflexion (–20°)	Neutral position (0°)	Dorsiflexion (20°)
Gmax Rt*	4.50 ± 0.66^a	4.32 ± 0.61^ab	5.46 ± 0.86^b
Gmax Lt*	6.16 ± 0.86^a	8.19 ± 1.82^ab	11.49 ± 2.32^b
VMO Rt*	58.50 ± 4.39^b	58.26 ± 4.16^b	45.06 ± 3.53^a
VMO Lt*	47.64 ± 4.22^b	47.02 ± 4.27^b	35.29 ± 4.10^a
VLO Rt	42.53 ± 5.00^a	40.43 ± 4.42^a	35.56 ± 4.61^a
VLO Lt*	38.52 ± 4.34^b	37.57 ± 4.14^b	28.34 ± 4.12^a
BF Rt	9.30 ± 1.97^a	9.72 ± 1.69^a	11.62 ± 1.72^a
BF Lt	10.16 ± 1.70^a	10.04 ± 1.74^a	10.93 ± 1.78^a

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. %MVIC, percentages of maximum voluntary isometric contraction; Gmax, gluteus maximus; VMO, vastus medialis oblique; VLO, vastus lateralis oblique; BF, biceps femoris; Rt, right; Lt, left. *p < 0.05. ^a,b,abIndicate statistical significance, with the alphabetical order reflecting the relative magnitude (i.e., a < ab < b), where ab denotes an intermediate group that is statistically like one group but significantly different from another.

Phys. Ther. Korea 2024;31:241~249 https://doi.org/10.12674/ptk.2024.31.3.241