Fig. 5. Muscle activity of each exercise and forearm position. SIER, sitting external rotation at 0° abduction; STER, standing external rotation at 90° abduction; PRER, prone external rotation at 90° of abduction; SLER, side-lying external rotation at 0° abduction; %MVIC, %maximal voluntary isometric contraction; PD, posterior deltoid; IF, infraspinatus; BB, biceps brachii; Neu, neutral; Sup, supinated. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01.
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