Physical Therapy Korea
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Phys. Ther. Korea 2022; 29(4): 255-261
Published online November 20, 2022
https://doi.org/10.12674/ptk.2022.29.4.255
© Korean Research Society of Physical Therapy
Effects of Muscle Thickness of Masseter and Sternocleidomastoid, Forward Head Posture and Breathing in Subjects With and Without Dentures
Se-Yeon Kim1 
, PT, Ki-Song Kim2 , PT, PhD, Young-In Hwang2 , PT, PhD
1Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Hoseo University, 2Department of Physical Therapy, College of Life and Health Science, Asan, Korea
Correspondence to: Young-In Hwang
E-mail: young123@hoseo.edu
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7314-1678
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Background: For the elderly, masticatory function is one of the most important oral functions and the masticatory ability is related to the wearing of dentures. Many older people wear dentures for their masticatory function, but a significant number of older people who use dentures have found that they feel uncomfortable when performing their daily activities, such as performing masticating functions or talking. Objects: The purpose of this study is to investigate how the forward head posture (FHP), respiratory function and thickness of masseter (MS), and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) are affected by the presence or absence of dentures in the elderly, and what kind of correlation there is between these variables.
Methods: The study was conducted on 11 patients in the normal group and 13 in the denture group. The participant’s cognitive ability was evaluated using Mini-Mental State Examination Korean (MMSE-K), and the FHP was evaluated by measuring the craniovertebral angle (CVA). The thickness of the MS and SCM muscles were measured using ultrasound, and respiration was measured with a spirometry. As for the statistical method, the correlation of each variable was investigated using Spearman’s correlation coefficient.
Results: In the normal group, there was a significant correlation between forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (p < 0.001), and in the denture group, FVC and FEV1 (p < 0.001), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) (p < 0.001), CVA and Lt. MS (p = 0.012).
Conclusion: CVA and Lt. MS of the denture group have a high negative correlation, it is related that the thickness of MS may be thick when the elderly wearing dentures are FHP.
Keywords: Aged, Denture, Masticatory, Respiration
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Original Article
Phys. Ther. Korea 2022; 29(4): 255-261
Published online November 20, 2022 https://doi.org/10.12674/ptk.2022.29.4.255
Copyright © Korean Research Society of Physical Therapy.
Effects of Muscle Thickness of Masseter and Sternocleidomastoid, Forward Head Posture and Breathing in Subjects With and Without Dentures
Se-Yeon Kim1 , PT, Ki-Song Kim2 , PT, PhD, Young-In Hwang2 , PT, PhD
1Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Hoseo University, 2Department of Physical Therapy, College of Life and Health Science, Asan, Korea
Correspondence to:Young-In Hwang
E-mail: young123@hoseo.edu
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7314-1678
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background: For the elderly, masticatory function is one of the most important oral functions and the masticatory ability is related to the wearing of dentures. Many older people wear dentures for their masticatory function, but a significant number of older people who use dentures have found that they feel uncomfortable when performing their daily activities, such as performing masticating functions or talking. Objects: The purpose of this study is to investigate how the forward head posture (FHP), respiratory function and thickness of masseter (MS), and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) are affected by the presence or absence of dentures in the elderly, and what kind of correlation there is between these variables.
Methods: The study was conducted on 11 patients in the normal group and 13 in the denture group. The participant’s cognitive ability was evaluated using Mini-Mental State Examination Korean (MMSE-K), and the FHP was evaluated by measuring the craniovertebral angle (CVA). The thickness of the MS and SCM muscles were measured using ultrasound, and respiration was measured with a spirometry. As for the statistical method, the correlation of each variable was investigated using Spearman’s correlation coefficient.
Results: In the normal group, there was a significant correlation between forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (p < 0.001), and in the denture group, FVC and FEV1 (p < 0.001), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) (p < 0.001), CVA and Lt. MS (p = 0.012).
Conclusion: CVA and Lt. MS of the denture group have a high negative correlation, it is related that the thickness of MS may be thick when the elderly wearing dentures are FHP.
Keywords: Aged, Denture, Masticatory, Respiration
Fig 1.
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Table 1 . Characteristics of subjects in people with normal and denture group (N = 24).
Variable Normal group Denture group Sex (male/female) 1/10 3/10 Age (y) 77.45 ± 6.61 79.50 ± 4.11 Height (cm) 154.04 ± 0.07 159.15 ± 0.09 Weight (kg) 58.91 ± 10.98 57.43 ± 8.49 BMI (kg/m2) 25.02 ± 5.11 23.85 ± 3.37 Values are presented as number only or mean ± standard deviation. BMI, body mass index..
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Table 2 . Comparison between normal and denture group (N = 24).
Normal group Denture group CVA 53.32 ± 1.70 50.19 ± 2.12 Rt. MS 1.18 ± 0.37 1.22 ± 0.15 Lt. MS 1.46 ± 0.34 0.96 ± 0.21 Rt. SCM 1.22 ± 0.45 1.45 ± 0.36 Lt. SCM 2.48 ± 0.99 2.93 ± 1.39 FVC 1.82 ± 0.14 1.60 ± 0.19 FEV1 1.37 ± 0.09 1.20 ± 0.15 MIP 49.18 ± 5.27 42.92 ± 5.31 MEP 59.0 ± 5.16 51.69 ± 6.72 Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. CVA, craniovertebral angle; Rt., right; MS, masseter; Lt., left; SCM, sternocleidomastoid; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; MIP, maximal inspiratory pressure; MEP, maximal expiratory pressure..
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Table 3 . Correlation coefficient analysis of normal group (N = 11).
CVA Rt. MS Lt. MS Rt. SCM Lt. SCM FVC FEV1 MIP MEP CVA 1 Rt. MS –0.597 1 Lt. MS –0.491 0.519 1 Rt. SCM 0.251 –0.091 0.132 1 Lt. SCM 0.032 –0.137 –0.196 0.543 1 FVC 0.100 –0.169 –0.300 0.278 0.077 1 FEV1 –0.023 0.068 –0.077 0.575 0.247 0.884* 1 MIP –0.355 –0.084 –0.223 –0.297 –0.429 0.478 0.251 1 MEP 0.018 0.109 –0.327 –0.437 –0.328 0.191 –0.077 0.342 1 CVA, craniovertebral angle; Rt., right; MS, masseter; Lt., left; SCM, sternocleidomastoid; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; MIP, maximal inspiratory pressure; MEP, maximal expiratory pressure. *p < 0.05..
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Table 4 . Correlation coefficient analysis of dental group (N = 13).
CVA Rt. MS Lt. MS Rt. SCM Lt. SCM FVC FEV1 MIP MEP CVA 1 Rt. MS –0.424 1 Lt. MS –0.671* 0.399 1 Rt. SCM 0.539 –0.314 –0.527 1 Lt. SCM –0.157 –0.019 0.016 –0.352 1 FVC 0.408 –0.037 –0.187 0.385 –0.333 1 FEV1 0.322 0.088 –0.060 0.418 –0.231 0.916** 1 MIP 0.121 0.048 –0.118 0.019 –0.226 0.512 0.495 1 MEP 0.135 0.118 –0.203 0.016 –0.341 0.481 0.379 0.946** 1 CVA, craniovertebral angle; Rt., right; MS, masseter; Lt., left; SCM, sternocleidomastoid; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; MIP, maximal inspiratory pressure; MEP, maximal expiratory pressure. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01..