Physical Therapy Korea
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Phys. Ther. Korea 2023; 30(1): 8-14
Published online February 20, 2023
https://doi.org/10.12674/ptk.2023.30.1.8
© Korean Research Society of Physical Therapy
Comparison of Hip Extensor Muscles Activities According to Forward Trunk Lean Angles During Single-leg Deadlift
Saerin Lee1 
, PT, BPT, Duk-hyun An2 , PT, PhD
1Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Inje University, 2Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science and Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
Correspondence to: Duk-hyun An
E-mail: dhahn@inje.ac.kr
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4687-7724
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Background: Excessive hamstring (HS) activation due to the weakness of the gluteus maximus (GM) causes pain in the hip joint. A single-leg deadlift is a hip extensor exercise, especially GM, that includes functional movements in daily life and complex multi-joint training. In single-leg deadlift, the muscle activity depends on the forward trunk lean angle, and it's necessary to study which muscles are used dominantly depending on the angle. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect on the muscle activity of the GM and HS during single-leg deadlift according to different forward trunk lean angles and the ratio of the GM vs HS (GM/HS).
Methods: Twenty-one healthy female participants were recruited. The muscles activities of the GM, HS and the GM/HS ratio were measured through electromyography during single-leg deadlift according to three condition of forward trunk lean angles (30°, 60°, and 90°).
Results: The GM and HS activities significantly differed among three conditions (p < 0.05). GM/HS ratio was significantly higher at 30°and 60° of forward trunk lean compared to 90°. Moreover, the GM activity was significantly higher at 60°of forward trunk lean than at 30° (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The single-leg deadlift at 60°of forward trunk lean is a proper GM muscle strengthening exercise.
Keywords: Exercise, Glutues maximus, Hamstring muscles, Muscle strength
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Original Article
Phys. Ther. Korea 2023; 30(1): 8-14
Published online February 20, 2023 https://doi.org/10.12674/ptk.2023.30.1.8
Copyright © Korean Research Society of Physical Therapy.
Comparison of Hip Extensor Muscles Activities According to Forward Trunk Lean Angles During Single-leg Deadlift
Saerin Lee1 , PT, BPT, Duk-hyun An2 , PT, PhD
1Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Inje University, 2Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science and Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
Correspondence to:Duk-hyun An
E-mail: dhahn@inje.ac.kr
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4687-7724
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background: Excessive hamstring (HS) activation due to the weakness of the gluteus maximus (GM) causes pain in the hip joint. A single-leg deadlift is a hip extensor exercise, especially GM, that includes functional movements in daily life and complex multi-joint training. In single-leg deadlift, the muscle activity depends on the forward trunk lean angle, and it's necessary to study which muscles are used dominantly depending on the angle. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect on the muscle activity of the GM and HS during single-leg deadlift according to different forward trunk lean angles and the ratio of the GM vs HS (GM/HS).
Methods: Twenty-one healthy female participants were recruited. The muscles activities of the GM, HS and the GM/HS ratio were measured through electromyography during single-leg deadlift according to three condition of forward trunk lean angles (30°, 60°, and 90°).
Results: The GM and HS activities significantly differed among three conditions (p < 0.05). GM/HS ratio was significantly higher at 30°and 60° of forward trunk lean compared to 90°. Moreover, the GM activity was significantly higher at 60°of forward trunk lean than at 30° (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The single-leg deadlift at 60°of forward trunk lean is a proper GM muscle strengthening exercise.
Keywords: Exercise, Glutues maximus, Hamstring muscles, Muscle strength
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Fig 2.
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Table 1 . General characteristics of the participants.
Variable Value Age (y) 24.10 ± 3.25 Height (cm) 161.90 ± 4.28 Weight (kg) 54.52 ± 4.80 Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation..
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Table 2 . Comparison of muscle activities among the three forward trunk lean angles during single-leg deadlift (N = 21).
Muscle %MVIC F p-value 30° 60° 90° GM 52.60 ± 9.42b 55.15 ± 8.85a,b 57.86 ± 8.71a 70.78 < 0.01** HS 50.39 ± 9.45b 54.33 ± 9.19a,b 59.17 ± 9.02a 193.40 < 0.01** Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. GM, gluteus maximus; HS, hamstrings; %MVIC, %maximum voluntary isometric contraction. aSignificant difference from 30°. bSignificant difference from 90°. **p < 0.01..
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Table 3 . Comparison of %MVIC ratio among the three forward trunk lean angles during single-leg deadlift (N = 21).
Muscle %MVIC ratio F p-value 30° 60° 90° GM/HS 1.03 ± 0.01b 1.03 ± 0.02b 0.98 ± 0.03a 22.78 < 0.01** Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. GM/HS, gluteus maximus vs hamstrings; %MVIC, %maximum voluntary isometric contraction. aSignificant difference from 30°. bSignificant difference from 90°. **p < 0.01..