Physical Therapy Korea
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Phys. Ther. Korea 2023; 30(4): 268-274
Published online November 20, 2023
https://doi.org/10.12674/ptk.2023.30.4.268
© Korean Research Society of Physical Therapy
Assessment of Gait Ability of Subjects With Chronic Ankle Instability During an Inter-trial Variability Gait Task According to Changes in Gait Speed
Jeonghan Kwon1 
, PT, BPT, Jongduk Choi2 , PT, PhD
1Rehabilitation Center, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon, 2Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Medical Science, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
Correspondence to: Jongduk Choi
E-mail: choidew@dju.kr
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9663-4790
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Background: Ankle sprains occur frequently among humans who undertake various body movements. Diverse walking environments and dual tasks, that can affect ankle sprains, have been studied. However, there is a lack of research on inter-trial variability according to the changes in gait speed. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the adaptive ability of walking between the subjects with chronic ankle instability and healthy adults while performing a walking task with different walking speeds.
Methods: In this study, 24 people in the chronic ankle instability group and 24 people in the healthy ankle group were selected as subjects. The length of the pre-measurement and the actual walking measurement were both set to 4.6 m. Once the subjects entered the measurement section, they changed their gait speed according to the randomly assigned speed change. Gait was measured twice and the average value was used for the analysis.
Results: The coefficient of variation (CV) of cycle time in subjects with chronic ankle instability showed a significant difference in all cases except when the subjects changed their speed from preferred to slow and from slow to preferred. The CV of step length demonstrated a significant difference in all cases except for the change from slow to preferred and from preferred to fast. The cycle time and step length differential showed a significant difference only when the subjects changed the speed from slow to fast.
Conclusion: The subjects with chronic ankle instability were found to have significantly reduced walking adaptability while performing inter-trial variability tasks with different gait speeds compared to healthy subjects.
Keywords: Ankle joint, Gait, Joint instability, Time and motion studies
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Original Article
Phys. Ther. Korea 2023; 30(4): 268-274
Published online November 20, 2023 https://doi.org/10.12674/ptk.2023.30.4.268
Copyright © Korean Research Society of Physical Therapy.
Assessment of Gait Ability of Subjects With Chronic Ankle Instability During an Inter-trial Variability Gait Task According to Changes in Gait Speed
Jeonghan Kwon1 , PT, BPT, Jongduk Choi2 , PT, PhD
1Rehabilitation Center, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon, 2Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Medical Science, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
Correspondence to:Jongduk Choi
E-mail: choidew@dju.kr
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9663-4790
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background: Ankle sprains occur frequently among humans who undertake various body movements. Diverse walking environments and dual tasks, that can affect ankle sprains, have been studied. However, there is a lack of research on inter-trial variability according to the changes in gait speed. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the adaptive ability of walking between the subjects with chronic ankle instability and healthy adults while performing a walking task with different walking speeds.
Methods: In this study, 24 people in the chronic ankle instability group and 24 people in the healthy ankle group were selected as subjects. The length of the pre-measurement and the actual walking measurement were both set to 4.6 m. Once the subjects entered the measurement section, they changed their gait speed according to the randomly assigned speed change. Gait was measured twice and the average value was used for the analysis.
Results: The coefficient of variation (CV) of cycle time in subjects with chronic ankle instability showed a significant difference in all cases except when the subjects changed their speed from preferred to slow and from slow to preferred. The CV of step length demonstrated a significant difference in all cases except for the change from slow to preferred and from preferred to fast. The cycle time and step length differential showed a significant difference only when the subjects changed the speed from slow to fast.
Conclusion: The subjects with chronic ankle instability were found to have significantly reduced walking adaptability while performing inter-trial variability tasks with different gait speeds compared to healthy subjects.
Keywords: Ankle joint, Gait, Joint instability, Time and motion studies
Fig 1.
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Table 1 . General characteristic of the subjects.
Variable CAI group (n = 24) Normal group (n = 24) p-value Sex (male/female) 12/12 12/12 1.00 Age (y) 21.29 ± 1.96 20.88 ± 2.05 0.48 Height (cm) 166.67 ± 9.20 169.08 ± 9.25 0.37 Weight (kg) 64.79 ± 15.88 62.54 ± 12.01 0.58 AII (score) 6.79 ± 1.35 0.42 ± 0.71 0.00* Values are presented as number only or mean ± standard deviation. CAI, chronic ankle instability; AII, Ankle Instability Instrument. *p < 0.05..
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Table 2 . Changes in the coefficients of variation of gait parameters according to changes in gait speed.
Variable Change gait speed CAI group (n = 24) Normal group (n = 24) p-value Cycle time CV PS 4.78 ± 3.28 3.78 ± 2.82 0.25 FS 12.01 ± 5.81 4.76 ± 3.98 0.00* SP 4.33 ± 2.95 2.90 ± 2.42 0.07 FP 4.72 ± 3.06 2.94 ± 2.39 0.03* SF 9.96 ± 5.29 3.35 ± 2.83 0.00* PF 4.32 ± 2.19 3.06 ± 2.00 0.04* Step length CV PS 3.65 ± 2.61 2.32 ± 1.85 0.05* FS 8.18 ± 5.88 3.15 ± 2.43 0.00* SP 2.94 ± 1.56 3.28 ± 1.78 0.49 FP 4.44 ± 3.30 2.69 ± 1.88 0.03* SF 4.73 ± 4.25 2.02 ± 1.83 0.00* PF 2.62 ± 2.64 2.02 ± 1.81 0.37 Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. CAI, chronic ankle instability; CV, coefficient of variation; PS, change gait speed from preferred speed to slowest speed; FS, change gait speed from fastest speed to slowest speed; SP, change gait speed from slowest speed to preferred speed; FP, change gait speed from fastest speed to preferred speed; SF, change gait speed from slowest speed to fastest speed; PF, change gait speed from preferred speed to fastest speed. *p < 0.05..
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Table 3 . Changes in the gait parameters differentials according to changes in gait speed.
Variable Change gait speed CAI group (n = 24) Normal group (n = 24) p-value Cycle time differential PS 0.06 ± 0.54 0.05 ± 0.52 0.66 FS 0.06 ± 0.07 0.06 ± 0.04 0.63 SP 0.04 ± 0.03 0.03 ± 0.03 0.16 FP 0.04 ± 0.04 0.05 ± 0.04 0.31 SF 0.06 ± 0.48 0.03 ± 0.25 0.02* PF 0.03 ± 0.03 0.03 ± 0.02 0.80 Step length differential PS 1.97 ± 1.32 2.15 ± 1.51 0.48 FS 2.53 ± 1.92 2.30 ± 2.18 0.71 SP 2.42 ± 2.35 1.55 ± 1.63 0.14 FP 3.09 ± 2.60 1.95 ± 1.88 0.09 SF 2.93 ± 2.26 1.69 ± 1.16 0.03* PF 2.21 ± 2.46 1.41 ± 0.80 0.14 Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. CAI, chronic ankle instability; PS, change gait speed from preferred speed to slowest speed; FS, change gait speed from fastest speed to slowest speed; SP, change gait speed from slowest speed to preferred speed; FP, change gait speed from fastest speed to preferred speed; SF, change gait speed from slowest speed to fastest speed; PF, change gait speed from preferred speed to fastest speed. *p < 0.05..